Geographic Profiling -- Geographic profiling can be applied to any circumstance where an unidentified person is known to have carried out activity at a series of geographic points.
More information

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See also:
ECRI
Dr. Kim Rossmo -- holds a PhD in criminology and has researched and published in the areas of policing, offender profiling, and environmental criminology. The sprinkler example was based on an article written about Dr Rossmo in 2003 for Popular Science (thank you Lorie for the information!)